解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Mild hypertension (grade 1 or stage 1 hypertension) is defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140-159 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of 90-99 mm Hg. According to current guidelines, patients with mild hypertension can be at low, medium, high or very high risk depending on the presence of other risk factors, target org...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200421010-00001
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood pressure levels are strongly predictive of the risks of first-ever and recurrent stroke. The benefits of blood pressure-lowering therapy for the prevention of fatal and non-fatal stroke in middle-aged individuals are well established. However, until recently, there has been uncertainty about the consistency of s...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200320040-00001
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periods of intense hormonal fluctuations have been associated with heightened prevalence and exacerbation of underlying psychiatric illness, particularly the occurrence of premenstrual dysphoria, puerperal depression and depressive symptoms during perimenopause. It has been speculated that sex steroids such as estroge...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200320020-00001
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major problem in the elderly population, with approximately 10% of the population affected. Since COPD is an inflammatory disorder of the pulmonary system, corticosteroids might be expected to improve clinical outcomes of the disease. Data from large, well designed ran...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200320120-00001
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging per se is associated with abnormalities of the vascular wall linked to both structural and functional changes that can take place at the level of the extracellular matrix, the vascular smooth muscle and the endothelium of blood vessels. Endothelial dysfunction is generally defined as a decrease in the capacity o...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200320070-00005
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitreous haemorrhage can be caused by a disruption of normal retinal vessels, bleeding from diseased retinal vessels, bleeding from abnormal new vessels or extension of haemorrhage through the retina from other sources. In the elderly, vitreous haemorrhage usually occurs spontaneously and only occurs occasionally as a...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200320090-00003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Generalised pruritus is common in the elderly. Idiopathic 'senile pruritus' is a diagnosis of exclusion, and an underlying systemic disorder should be sought. Thyroid disease, haematological malignancy, iron deficiency, cholestasis or renal impairment may be responsible for pruritus. Rarely pruritus may occur after ce...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200320030-00004
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review the influence of age on the response of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) to corticosteroids, splenectomy and danazol. METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 139 consecutively treated patients with ITP diagnosed between 1985 and 1994. In particular, we analysed the th...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200320110-00005
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Man and higher primates have adrenals that secrete large amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) [prasterone] and its sulphate (DHEAS) [PB 008]. A remarkable feature of plasma DHEAS levels in humans is their great decrease with aging. Researchers have postulated that this age-related decline of DHEAS levels may expla...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200320130-00001
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persons over the age of 65 years are the fastest growing segment of the US population. In the next 30 years this segment will represent more than 20% of the population. Fifty percent of all cancers occur in this age group and therefore the total cancer burden is expected to rise. Data are becoming available that will ...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200320100-00003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacological treatment of depression in old age is associated with an increased risk of adverse pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions. Elderly patients may have multiple disease states and, therefore, may require a variety of other drugs. In addition to polypharmacy, other factors such as age-relate...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200219040-00004
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skin and soft tissue infections are quite common in elderly people. A number of special conditions and circumstances need to be considered in the diagnosis and therapy. It is important to try to establish the causative organism, exclude other cutaneous disorders and identify precipitating factors. Treatment modalities...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200219050-00002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a growing recognition that pulsatile stimulation of dopamine receptors may be an important mechanism in the generation of the motor fluctuations that often develop and compromise the effectiveness of long-term levodopa administration in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). This has prompted investigat...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200219080-00002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The elderly patient may show normal physiological changes of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems that accompany aging, as well as features of intrinsic cardiac disease. The latter include: a past history of myocardial infarction or ischaemic heart disease; history of congestive cardiac failure; angina; arterial...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200219060-00003
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep problems are an under-emphasised cause of disability in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may be seen independently of PD, associated with primary PD pathology, or as a result of antiparkinsonian medications. Common sleep disorders include excessive daytime sleepiness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorde...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200219100-00002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess, by smoothness index (SI), distribution of the antihypertensive effect of extended-release (ER) felodipine over 24 hours in elderly patients with hypertension. METHODS:After a 4-week washout phase, 35 elderly patients (mean age 69 +/- 4 years) with mild-to-moderate hypertension received 2 weeks' tr...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00002512-200219070-00007
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1 to 3% of individuals over the age of 65 years. While effective therapy exists for treating the bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor associated with the disease, the cause is unknown. There is no treatment available to prevent or slo...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200118110-00001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis are chronic diseases that result in cartilage degradation and loss of joint function. Currently available drugs are predominantly directed towards the control of pain and/or the inflammation associated with joint synovitis but they do little to reduce joint destruction. In ...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200118020-00002
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the availability of an efficient vaccine, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that there are still 350 million chronic carriers of the virus who are at risk of developing chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepato...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200118100-00002
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic fungal infections are an increasing problem in older adults. For several of the endemic mycoses, this increase is the result of increased travel and leisure activities in areas endemic for these fungi. Immunosuppressive agents, care in an intensive care unit, and invasive devices all contribute to infection w...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200118050-00002
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex heterogenous metabolic disorder in which peripheral insulin resistance and impaired insulin release are the main pathogenetic factors. The rapid response of the pancreatic beta-cells to glucose is already markedly disturbed in the early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The cons...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200017050-00007
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most western countries have influenza vaccination programmes for citizens aged > or = 65 years. This paper reviews the available evidence on whether elderly influenza vaccination is worthwhile from a pharmacoeconomic point of view. A search on Medline and EMBASE resulted in a primary selection of approximately 100 stu...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200017030-00005
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The elderly population has much to gain from the advances of molecular medicine, although at present genetic pharmacology remains mostly at the conceptual level. Cancer, in particular, is an increasing health burden and the majority (over 70%) of gene therapy trials are aimed at tackling this problem. Available strate...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200017020-00004
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large bowel cancer is not only the third most frequent cancer in the world but is one of the most common human malignancies in Western countries, including North America. In recent years, multidisciplinary research in epidemiology, molecular biology, and laboratory animal model studies have contributed much to our und...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200016050-00002
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::High fasting plasma homocysteine levels (> 12 to 15 mumol/L) are commonly encountered in clinical practice and are associated with increased risk of atherothrombotic disease. Treatment with folic acid (1 to 5 mg/day) is inexpensive and effective in normalising plasma homocysteine levels. High plasma homocysteine level...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200016040-00001
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Donepezil (E-2020) is a reversible, noncompetitive, piperidine-type cholinesterase inhibitor. It is selective for acetylcholinesterase rather than butyrylcholinesterase. Donepezil 5 and 10 mg/day significantly improved cognition and global clinical function compared with placebo in well designed short term trials (14 ...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200016030-00005
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extended-release oxybutynin (Ditropan XL) uses an osmotic system (OROS) to deliver a controlled amount of oxybutynin chloride into the gastrointestinal tract over a 24-hour period when taken once daily. Oxybutynin binds to M3 muscarinic receptors on the detrusor muscle of the bladder, preventing acetylcholinergic acti...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200016020-00008
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the availability of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), mortality and morbidity remains unacceptably high. CHF is thought to progress as a result of activation of endogenous neurohormonal systems which are activated by the initial myocardial injury. ...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-200016010-00001
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza infection is an acute respiratory disease with a high morbidity and significant mortality, particularly among the elderly and individuals with chronic diseases. The majority of countries now recommend annual influenza vaccination for all people aged 65 years or older, and for those with high risk conditions....
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-199915030-00001
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) are prevalent in elderly populations, causing much discomfort and even difficulties in eating. SGH also increases the occurrence and severity of oral diseases and makes the patient susceptible to candidiasis. The principal causes of SGH and xerostomia are systemic disea...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-199915020-00004
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over four-fifths of all strokes are due to thrombotic or embolic occlusion of cerebral arteries. There is a strong rationale for considering antithrombotic therapy for the treatment of patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Antiplatelet therapy with 150 to 300 mg of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) started within the fir...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-199915010-00003
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alcohol withdrawal syndrome is common in elderly individuals who are alcohol dependent and who decrease or stop their alcohol intake. While there have been few clinical studies to directly support or refute the hypothesis that withdrawal symptom severity, delirium and seizures increase with advancing age, several ...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-199914060-00002
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of intermittent claudication (IC) increases with age; when questioned, older patients consider increased difficulty in walking to be a normal consequence of aging. Although the prognosis for the involved limb with IC is relatively good, IC is an important clinical predictor of increased cardiovascular m...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-199914040-00002
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attempts to control pneumococcal infection by vaccination, undertaken initially in 1911, have gone through 3 phases during the subsequent 8 decades. Initially, vaccines of killed pneumococcal cells prepared in a variety of ways were used in epidemic settings with inconclusive results, although administered to approxim...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002512-199915001-00001
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy over recent decades, morbidity and mortality secondary to infection continues to rise. In addition, the incidence of infection caused by resistant organisms has also increased. Concurrently, the elderly are living longer than prior generations, often with disabling chroni...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-199813060-00004
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Restenosis in the months following a successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) remains the main limitation to this technique for myocardial revascularisation. Despite intensive investigation in this area, no pharmacological therapy has yet been found to be useful in preventing restenosis after c...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-199813040-00005
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a disease of unknown aetiology that occurs in elderly patients, predominantly affecting the Caucasian population. The disease has a slightly higher prevalence in women than in men. There is ongoing discussion regarding the relationship between PMR and giant cell arteritis; an increasing...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-199813020-00003
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of prostate carcinoma in the US now appears to be declining slightly, as a consequence of removal of prevalent cases from the population by screening. Screening for serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels has been improved by the use of PSA transformations including PSA density, PSA velocity and age...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-199813010-00007
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in important physiological functions of the CNS, including neurotransmission, memory and synaptic plasticity. Depending on the redox state of NO, it can act as a neurotoxin or it can have a neuroprotective action. Data suggest that NO may have a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerati...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-199812040-00001
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common cardiovascular disorder that is characterised, in part, by a decreased cardiac output reserve. Accordingly, there is ongoing interest in the role of positive inotropic agents (e.g. adrenergic agonists and phosphodiesterase type III inhibitors, which mediate their cardiovascul...
journal_title:Drugs & aging
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002512-199812030-00003
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00